Hemophilia in Children: From Early Signs to Preventive Treatments

Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that predominantly affects boys. It results from a deficiency or absence of blood coagulation factors, which disrupts the normal process of blood clotting. In children, the initial manifestations of hemophilia typically present as pain and swelling in the joints, particularly the ankles. Unusual bleeding following vaccination, circumcision, or the appearance of abnormal bruising may serve as warning signs of the disease.

According to the Public Relations and International Affairs Office of the Royan Institute, significant therapeutic advances in recent years have transformed hemophilia from a debilitating condition into a manageable disorder. Regular prophylactic treatment and specialized care now allow children with hemophilia to lead normal, active lives with quality of life comparable to their healthy peers.

Based on reports from the Iranian Hemophilia Society, it is estimated that approximately 40,000 individuals in the country are affected by hemophilia, while only around 14,000 have been diagnosed and are receiving treatment. Early genetic screening is particularly essential for families with a history of hemophilia. Identifying carrier status in women before and during pregnancy can facilitate informed reproductive decisions.

Hemophilia is a coagulation factor disorder characterized by recurrent bruising and prolonged bleeding even from minor injuries. Treatment for patients with Hemophilia A and B is generally initiated after diagnosis and assessment of factor levels, using recombinant factor VIII or IX protein injections. These injections are typically administered two to three times per week, tailored to the patient’s weight and type of factor, with the aim of preventing joint and tissue bleeding and preserving overall quality of life.

Timely awareness, early diagnosis, and access to specialized treatment play a critical role in improving outcomes for patients with hemophilia. Families are strongly encouraged to remain vigilant for early warning signs.